The increase of family spending on ultra-processed foods

Between 2006 and 2022, Mexican families increased their spending on processed foods by 30 percent and on ultra-processed foods by 20.5 percent, according to the Bank of Mexico (BdeM). The consumption of these products, which are high in calories, has negative effects on health. In contrast, spending on unprocessed foods only increased by 0.5 percent during the same period.

The BdeM highlighted in a recent study that the rise in consumption of ultra-processed foods has significant implications for health, leading to issues such as obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and increased mortality risk. Additionally, the shift towards more processed foods impacts societal health, labor productivity, human capital, and strains the public health system.

Ultra-processed foods undergo various industrial processes, such as hydrogenation, extrusion, and the addition of preservatives, emulsifiers, and colorings. Examples of these products include soft drinks, breakfast cereals, cakes, snacks, and sausages. The proportion of household spending on unprocessed foods compared to total food expenditure decreased from 60.2 percent in 2006 to 55.8 percent in 2022, while spending on processed and ultra-processed foods increased over the same period.

Regionally, the northern parts of Mexico showed the lowest proportion of spending on unprocessed foods and the highest proportion of spending on processed and ultra-processed foods. The central region allocated the largest proportion of spending on unprocessed foods in 2022. The increase in consumption of processed foods can be attributed to price variations, as they are often cheaper than healthier options.

The data also showed a trend towards a less healthy diet, with increased caloric consumption from ultra-processed foods and a decrease in consumption of unprocessed foods. A balanced diet is crucial for individual well-being and national growth, as it reduces chronic diseases, healthcare costs, and improves work productivity. Prioritizing a healthy diet leads to greater human capital and socio-economic development.