Over the past 30 years, major capitals such as Paris, Jakarta, Seoul, and Beijing have experienced an increasing number of hot days over 35 degrees Celsius. An analysis by the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) revealed that the world’s largest capitals are expected to face more extreme heat days in the future. This trend is driven by rising temperatures across Asia and a worsening climate crisis.
The 20 most populous cities in the world, with over 300 million residents, have seen a 52% increase in days above 35 degrees Celsius over the last three decades. This alarming trend poses a threat to human health, economies, and infrastructure. With each passing decade, as greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, major capitals are facing more frequent hot days, exacerbated by the urban heat island effect caused by replacing natural land with buildings and roads.
Asian cities, home to half of the world’s most populous capitals, have experienced the most significant temperature increases. Recent heatwaves in Southeast Asia, China, and India highlight the vulnerability of Asia to climate risks due to its large population, poverty, and low-lying areas prone to natural disasters.
New Delhi, India, has recorded the highest number of days above 35 degrees Celsius in the past three decades. The city has experienced a 44% increase in such days from 2014 to 2023, putting pressure on the power grid and energy supply system. Residents of cities like New Delhi and Jakarta are experiencing longer periods of high temperatures, impacting their daily lives and livelihoods.
Extreme heat poses serious risks to vulnerable populations without access to cooling spaces. Heat-related deaths among homeless people have been on the rise in cities like New Delhi, highlighting the urgent need for adaptation and mitigation measures. The economic consequences of extreme heat, including damage to crops, reduced productivity, and infrastructure stress, are significant, particularly in countries without adequate resources.
It is essential for governments and communities to address the challenges posed by extreme heat and climate change to protect the well-being of their populations and ensure sustainable development. Retrofitting infrastructure, implementing heat mitigation strategies, and enhancing disaster preparedness are crucial steps in mitigating the impacts of extreme heat on cities and their residents.