Baobab trees, with their unique and alien-like shapes, first appeared around 200 million years ago. Belonging to the genus Adansonia, there are 8 different species of baobab trees distributed across Australia, Africa, southwest Asia, and Madagascar. One theory suggests that the wide distribution of baobab trees is due to their existence before the supercontinent Pangea broke up. However, except for A. digitata, the other species of baobab trees are threatened, with A. perrieri being extremely endangered.
Scientists are currently studying the genetic characteristics of baobab trees to protect their future. By sequencing the genomes of all eight species, they are exploring the evolutionary history of the genus Adansonia, including its origin, diversification, and hybrid species. Research has shown that the distribution of baobab trees is influenced by factors such as temperature, altitude, and rainfall in their geographical areas.
The impressive longevity of baobab trees is attributed to their unique way of growth. Some of the oldest trees have hollow cavities between their roots called pseudo cavities, which can hold water to help the tree survive dry seasons. Baobab trees in Kruger National Park, South Africa, are estimated to be around 1,400 years old, with some researchers suggesting they can live up to 3,000 years. The giant baobab tree Adansonia grandidieri in Madagascar’s Baobab Avenue can grow up to 25-30 meters tall.
Baobab tree fruit is known for its unique taste, resembling a combination of grape, pear, and vanilla, and is rich in vitamin C. Despite being hermaphrodite, baobab trees require pollination to produce fruit. They bloom at night, attracting pollinators like hawk moths and bats. The baobab tree’s unique appearance, with branches curling like roots and a smooth trunk, has earned it the nickname “upside-down tree.”