Thyroid nodules evolve into a large goiter over a span of 30 years

Ms. Nga, 77 years old, discovered a goiter 30 years ago, took medicine, but did not have regular check-ups. Now, the goiter hangs down into her chest, causing difficulty breathing and swallowing. Initially, it was just a small thyroid nodule without symptoms. In 2014, the nodule grew large and was visible in her neck. The doctor recommended surgery, but Ms. Nga was hesitant due to underlying health conditions. However, as the tumor grew, she sought treatment.

MSc. Le Thi Ngoc Hang from Tam Anh General Hospital stated that Ms. Nga had a large multinodular goiter compressing the trachea and esophagus. Surgery was necessary to remove the tumor and alleviate pressure on her respiratory and eating tracts. Despite risks of bleeding, infection, and other complications, the doctor proceeded with a two-hour surgery. The results showed a benign tumor with a low chance of recurrence. Ms. Nga recovered well and was discharged after 5 days.

A goiter can form due to various factors including iodine deficiency, family history, age, gender, radiation therapy, obesity, and other health conditions. Mediastinal goiters extend from the neck into the chest and can impact breathing and aesthetics. Treatment options depend on the cause, symptoms, and complications of the goiter. Small tumors may be monitored while large goiters require surgery or other interventions.

Prevention of benign goiters includes consuming iodine-rich foods, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and seeking medical attention for any abnormal neck growths. Avoiding foods that inhibit iodine absorption and adopting healthy habits can reduce the risk of developing goiters. Regular check-ups and prompt treatment for any concerning symptoms are essential in managing thyroid conditions.