A fresh strategy for addressing crime in the world’s most violent region

In 2019, Ecuador was known as a peaceful tourist destination with a homicide rate of under seven per 100,000, similar to that of the United States. However, by 2023, the homicide rate had skyrocketed to almost 45 per 100,000, making Ecuador the most dangerous country in mainland Latin America. Durán, a city in Ecuador, was identified as the world’s most violent city with a shocking murder rate of 148 per 100,000. This increase in violence can be attributed to a rise in organized crime, particularly the smuggling of cocaine from Colombia to Europe through Ecuadorian ports.

The surge in crime is not unique to Ecuador, as the rest of Latin America is also experiencing an increase in violence due to the expansion of transnational criminal groups. Even traditionally peaceful countries like Costa Rica and Uruguay are witnessing higher levels of violence. In response, governments in the region, including Ecuador’s, have implemented harsh measures such as states of emergency, mass incarceration, and deploying the military to maintain order.

These “iron-fist” policies have gained popularity after being perceived as successful in El Salvador. Following a state of emergency declared by President Nayib Bukele in March 2022, the country saw a significant decrease in the homicide rate after almost 80,000 individuals were incarcerated. This tactic has made President Bukele one of the most popular elected leaders globally.

In a recent referendum, Ecuadorians showed strong support for tougher anti-crime measures proposed by President Daniel Noboa. These measures include overturning a constitutional ban on the extradition of criminals, allowing the army to patrol streets and prisons permanently, and eliminating the possibility of early release for well-behaved inmates. This shift towards stricter policies reflects the growing concern over rising crime rates in Latin America and the government’s response to address the issue.