Colorectal cancer is a common type of cancer in Vietnam, with an increasing trend. Currently, there are many colorectal cancer screening methods available. These methods include stool tests, such as fecal occult blood tests (FOBT), fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) and fecal DNA tests. These tests help detect the presence of colorectal cancer or precancerous polyps in stool.
The FOBT helps find hidden blood in a patient’s stool sample, which can be a symptom of colorectal cancer. The FIT uses antibodies to detect blood in a small stool sample collected at home. Stool DNA testing looks for abnormal DNA fragments released from cancer cells or polyps. These tests can help determine if a patient has colorectal cancer or precancerous conditions.
Colonoscopy is considered the “gold standard” for screening and diagnosing colorectal cancer. It is a procedure where doctors examine the colon and rectum using a flexible scope. Endoscopy requires the patient to fast for a short period before the procedure to ensure accurate results. Modern endoscopic equipment is used to recognize and treat pre-cancerous lesions or tumors in the gastrointestinal tract.
Advanced endoscopic methods such as submucosal dissection (ESD) and submucosal resection (EMR) can effectively treat early-stage colorectal cancer without the need for additional support. Endoscopic treatment has become an alternative to surgical resection, preserving gastrointestinal function and improving quality of life for patients. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for improving survival and quality of life in colorectal cancer patients.
Risk factors for colorectal cancer include obesity, a diet high in red meat, smoking, alcohol abuse, lack of physical exercise, and more. Endoscopy can help screen, detect, and remove polyps to prevent colorectal cancer. Regular follow-up care is essential for colorectal cancer patients to improve prognosis and quality of life. It is important to consult a doctor to determine the most appropriate screening method and treatment plan for the disease.