The relationship between Georgia and Russia has always been complex, especially since Putin’s actions in Ukraine. In 2003, Georgia was the first country to overthrow the remnants of the Soviet Union through a revolution, followed by Ukraine a year later. This sparked concern in Russia, leading to increased repression and expansion policies. In 2008, Russian troops invaded Georgia, starting a five-day war over the separatist regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. This conflict remains unresolved, with 20% of Georgia considered occupied.
Despite officially being a candidate for EU membership, Georgia remains economically dependent on Russia. The country relies on Russia for over 90% of its wheat and considers Russia a significant export market. The fear of another Russian attack has not faded since 2008, as Georgia lacks geographical advantages for defense.
The recent NGO law in Georgia may be an attempt to appease Moscow and avoid being targeted. The Georgian leadership seems to believe that Russia’s increasing involvement in neighboring countries, especially Ukraine, could lead to a similar fate for Georgia. The “Georgian Dream” party, behind the law, has faced criticism for its close ties to Russia and oligarchs.
Although the EU threatens to freeze Georgia’s accession process if the law passes, this could benefit the government and delay necessary reforms. The population, however, overwhelmingly supports EU membership and sees Russia as an aggressor. The situation puts Brussels in a difficult position and plays into Putin’s hands.