To address your question about which vaccines are recommended to prevent diseases before having sex, we need to first discuss sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). In Vietnam, common STDs include gonorrhea, Chlamydia, genital herpes, hepatitis B, genital warts, and diseases caused by HPV. Among these, hepatitis B virus and HPV can be transmitted through vaginal secretions, saliva, and semen, making them a risk during sexual activity.
Statistics show that 80% of women are at risk of HPV infection at least once in their lifetime, with the highest risk occurring in those aged 20-30, up to 20-25%. HPV is present in 99.7% of cervical cancer cases and over 70% of vulvar cancer cases. Hepatitis B virus spreads much faster than HIV and can lead to serious health complications, such as cirrhosis and liver cancer.
Currently, there are vaccines available for hepatitis B and HPV in Vietnam. The HPV vaccine is up to 94% effective in preventing the disease, targeting 9 high-risk HPV types. It requires three injections over 6 months. The hepatitis B vaccine is 95% effective, with adults needing three shots over 6 months and booster shots when antibody levels decrease.
In addition to these vaccines, individuals can also consider getting vaccinated for group B meningococcal disease, which can provide cross-immunity with gonorrhea. Research has shown that the group B meningococcal vaccine is 32-40% effective against gonorrhea. This vaccine typically involves two shots given one month apart.
It is important to get vaccinated early to ensure the best protection against these diseases. Waiting until you are ready to have sex may reduce the effectiveness of the vaccines and miss the opportunity for early prevention.